Material properties of paper changed as the knowledge of its production travelled from China through central Asia until it reached the West. Yet, although the craft originated in China, the focus of much of recent research has been on Western papermaking. The developed non-destructive characterization methodology could be applied to Islamic collections in libraries and archives to expand the database with the material properties of papers of known age and provenance and thus better understand geographic and temporal distributions of papermaking practices in Islamic countries.Īs an information carrier, paper has a significant role in history and culture. Polishing and starch appear to be associated with current values of pH and DP. The majority of papers are neutral to mildly acidic, which is in contrast to their extensive degradation: ~69 % have DP < 1000. While no single defining characteristic of Islamic paper was identified, 88 % of all papers in the studied collection either contain starch or are polished, or both. Four different models were developed focusing on two main characteristics of Islamic paper: two for identification of polishing and starch, and two quantitative models to determine the acidity and degree of polymerization of cellulose in paper. Near infrared spectroscopic data of the collection were correlated to chemical properties with the aid of multivariate data analysis methods. In addition, acidity and degree of polymerization of cellulose in paper were determined to explore the average material state of paper in the collection. Morphological analysis was performed to examine the presence of watermarks and sieve patterns. diffuse reflectance ratio at 457 nm, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy for identification of polishing, iodine test for identification of starch, Raspail test for identification of rosin, and fibre furnish analysis. A substantial collection of 228 Islamic papers (~18th–20th century) was characterized using chemical analytical methods: surface profilometry, gloss measurements, specular vs. This research surveys the evidence of techniques and materials typically used in Islamic papermaking, to deduce what might be considered as the most significant characteristics. In contrast to scientific research focussing on European paper, there is a significant gap in our knowledge of Islamic papermaking.
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Whether you’re cooking or baking, knowing how many cups are in 28 ounces can help you get the most out of your ingredients. Additionally, it’s always a good idea to double check your measurements by weight before cooking. Using a regular cup could lead to inaccurate measurements. Just remember that if you’re measuring liquids, it’s essential to use a glass or plastic measurement cup that’s designed for liquids. However, if you’re measuring a dry ingredient like flour or sugar, 28 ounces will equal about 3 cups. For example, if you’re measuring a liquid like milk or water, 28 ounces will equal approximately 3 1/2 cups. To convert 28 ounces to cups, simply divide by the number of ounces per cup for the type of ingredient you’re measuring. For this reason, it’s often best to use a kitchen scale when measuring liquid ingredients. It’s also important to keep in mind that liquids are measured by volume, while dry ingredients are typically measured by weight. Having an accurate understanding of how many cups 28 oz is can help ensure that your baked goods turn out as intended. There are many recipes that call for 28 ounces of ingredients, especially when it comes to baking. However, this can vary depending on the type of ingredient being measured. In general, 28 ounces is equal to about 3 1/2 cups. It is also helpful to have a conversion chart or online tool handy. This conversion can be made using standard measuring cups or a kitchen scale. If a recipe calls for one cup of sifted flour, that means you need to pre-sift the flour before measuring it.An understanding of how to convert ounces into cups is an important skill for any baker or cook. What exactly does it mean when a recipe calls for packed light brown sugar? As opposed to a “scoop and shake” method, packed brown sugar means that you need to use the measuring cup to scoop the brown sugar and then use your hand to pack it tightly before adding it to the mixing bowl. While eight ounces of water can be converted to one cup of water, the same can’t be done for eight ounces of sugar - make sense? How to measure baking ingredients properly Ounces are measured by weight, and fluid ounces are measured by volume. But if a recipe lists a wet ingredient in ounces, you can measure it in a liquid measuring cup. If a recipe lists dry ingredients in ounces, you’ll need a kitchen scale to measure it. What's the difference between an ounce and a fluid ounce? And measuring wet ingredients in a dry cup is difficult, since measuring right to the rim can lead to spillage. A liquid measuring cup doesn’t allow you to level off your dry ingredients, so it’s really hard to measure exactly. Technically dry and liquid measuring cups measure the same, but it’s not a perfect science. But others, especially if you are baking, can be completely ruined. Some recipes are forgiving enough that you can get away with it. Use the right cups for dry and wet ingredientsĪt some point, most home cooks have dumped flour into a liquid measuring cup or measured milk in a dry measuring cup. That just means taking the flat side of a butter knife and running it across the top of the full cup or spoon, so any excess is sloughed off. Unless the recipe calls for “a heaping tablespoon” or “a generous cup,” you’ll want to level off the dry ingredients you’re measuring. Level off your dry ingredients for the right measurement This is particularly useful for baking, which often demands exact measurements. While it’s not absolutely necessary to own, a food scale is useful to have, as it allows you to make recipes that list ingredients by weight. Have a set of measuring teaspoons, a set of measuring cups for dry ingredients and liquid measuring cups ranging from a one-cup to four-cup capacity. Measuring pointers Make sure you have the right tools There are 30 milliliters in one fluid ounce. Two sticks of butter are the equivalent of one cup or eight ounces. There are 16 cups in one gallon, or 128 fluid ounces. There are four cups in one quart, or 32 fluid ounces. There are two cups in one pint, or 16 fluid ounces. 1 cup = 16 tablespoons How many ounces in a cup? Now the world has been captured by crossplay – a format in which users of different devices can participate in the same game: from smartphones and tablets to consoles and PCs. Here’s a list of all the games that currently support crossplay across a multitude of platforms, such as Nintendo Switch, Xbox Series S|X, Windows PC, and PS4|PS5.Back at the beginning of the century, game console developers made games only for their consoles – that is, they worked on only one console. Knowing this, your interest might be piqued as to which games currently support cross platform play for users to enjoy. The competitive queue restricts crossplay disabling players from competing across different platforms. But things change up when the competitive queue is introduced. Players in normal matches can participate in crossplay matches that allow users across the PC and consoles to partake in matches against each other. Take the example of Overwatch which features Partial Crossplay. Thus allowing its availability for two platforms, making it a cross platform game.īut what’s crossplay? Things get a little interesting here as every crossplay game is a cross platform game but not every cross platform game is a crossplay game. The Forza Horizon Series was initially an Xbox-exclusive franchise, but Microsoft decided to bring Forza to the Windows PC. Let’s add an example to better understand this. So, what does this mean in the gaming industry? In other words, it means a title is not going to be exclusive to one specific console. So, let’s get into our Gaming Terminology 101 for today.Ĭross Platform is a terminology that means that a specific piece of software, the same version of it, is capable of running on a different platform. While some of you may know the stark difference between Crossplay and Cross Platform, most of you might have assumed both terms to mean the one and the same. The developing market in the gaming industry has introduced a lot of buzzwords in the gaming industry that do tend to throw off the gaming community to an extent. Difference between Crossplay and Cross Platform Games The feature has come a long way, and it’s one that players can’t seem to live without. This just goes to show the demand for crossplay for online multiplayer games. Later in 2002, Square Enix went ahead and introduced crossplay between Windows PC and PS2 for Final Fantasy XI.įast forward to the present, nearly all competitors in the console and gaming industry have made sure to implement crossplay in some, if not all, of their titles. This addition made it possible for Sega Dreamcast and PS2 owners to play against each other in the Japanese versions of Capcom vs SNK2 via KDDI’S Matchmaking service, making it the first title to feature crossplay between game consoles from competing manufacturers. Later in 2000, Sony launched the PlayStation 2, which supported online play with the help of an external modem. Players got to enjoy Maximum Pool, Quake 3 Arena, 4×4 Evo, and Phantasy Star Online multiplayer across both platforms. This led to Sega collaborating with Microsoft to provide developers access to make crossplay games between Windows and the Sega Dreamcast. It was the 1998 Sega Dreamcast that included a built-in modem allowing users to connect to the internet. You’d be wrong to think crossplay wasn’t an idea that was on the table back in the day. Before the introduction of the PS3 and Xbox 360, consoles typically lacked built-in internet connections, and some consoles required special hardware to be able to just connect to the internet. The History of CrossplayĬross platform and crossplay have come a long way if you think about it. So, what games currently feature cross platform and crossplay functionality? Join us as we delve into all the cross platform games that are currently available and all those being released in the near and far future. However, things have now changed as many multiplayer titles allow players to interact and engage with their friends across different platforms, whether it be PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo, or even PC. Gamers couldn’t play games with their friends who owned different consoles. One of the most tedious problems gamers encountered in the past whenever they wanted to play games with their friends was owning the same title on an entirely different platform. The battle pass has both a free and paid track. Instead, players can acquire the items they want directly through the game's battle pass and in-game shop. The loot boxes of the original game will not feature. Overwatch 2 utilizes a free-to-play model. Here, enemy units are altered to give them distinct properties that set them apart from their base forms. Įlite units have been added to PvE scenarios. The PvE maps will be larger than those featured in the original game. Overwatch 2 will feature PvE story missions that are set after Overwatch was recalled by Winston. All players, even those on console, must have a account to play the game. The game has cross-progression players are able to merge their accounts across platforms into a single profile. New content will be released regularly through the game's seasons. Updated appearances of all the current heroes will be exclusive to Overwatch 2. New players are automatically placed in the First Time User Experience system. The passives of these roles were further altered-damage heroes move faster, tank heroes have knockback reductions (while receiving less charge when attacked by enemies), and support heroes automatically regenerate health while out of combat. The game's PvP mode was changed from 6v6 to 5v5, with the roles limited to one tank, two damage, and two support. Overwatch 2 replaces the original Overwatch as an update, and as such, PvP content is free for existing users. The modes launched alongside multiple new maps and heroes, new HUD, and a major engine upgrade. An example of the former is Story Experience. Overwatch 2 features/will feature both new PvE and PvP modes. The plot takes place over the whole world. It will have an ongoing plot, focused on a second omnic uprising. Overwatch 2 takes place one year after Recall. When combined with powerful voice AI, the results are utterly convincing. Recent advances in AI mean that by scanning images of a person (for example using Facebook), a powerful machine learning system can create new video images and place them in scenarios and situations which never actually happened. It will soon be impossible to tell what is real and what is fake.
In 1996, these gourmet restaurants were transformed into one huge brasserie. It earned Michelin stars with each of the successive chefs, Alain Reix, and Alain Ducasse. It was named as a homage to the novelist. Later, in the early 1980s, when the Tower once again went through renovations, these restaurants were once again replaced by La Belle France and Le Parisien.ġ983, the Jules Verne restaurant was constructed on the second floor. They were built by architect Auguste Granet, who was married to the granddaughter of Gustave Eiffel. One was built where the Russian restaurant had been, and the other where the Dutch one had. At this time, the first floor of the Eiffel Tower was completely renovated and two restaurants were rebuilt in its place. These establishments were demolished for the International Exhibition of 1937. Brébant: Located on the Champ-de-Mars side was this French restaurant, which was considered a chic restaurant.Russian Restaurant: You could enjoy a typical Russian fare at this establishment located between the Eastern and Northern pillars.The theatre resumed its activities until war broke out in 1914. Later on, it began to function as a theater until the Exhibition of 1900, when it revived its role as a restaurant again. Flamad: Located on the Trocadéro side was a bar that served Alsatian cuisine.Until 1900, the restaurants relied on gas lights. The kitchens for each restaurant were located on the underside of the platform. Each of these restaurants could seat 500 people. The “ T he Tower” section tells the complete history of the Eiffel Tower, in all its aspects, from its birth to its elevators, lighting, scientific research, and much more.When the Eiffel Tower was inaugurated during the Universal Exhibition of 1889, it housed four majestic wooden pavilions designed by Stephen Sauvestre on the platform on the first floor. The “ E xplore” section presents the particularities of the gardens and each floor of the Tower. The different exhibits on various themes will transport you to the heart of Paris in the 1900s, with breathtaking images that showcase the know-how of the time.Īfter enjoying the panoramic views from the Tower and the historical exhibits, complete your virtual tour directly on our website, under the Discover and Monument tabs, that allow you to explore all there is to know about the Tower. Google Arts and Culture is a free service that allows you to visit museums and monuments online, making art and culture more accessible than ever! In partnership with Google Arts and Culture, the Eiffel Tower offers interactive historical journeys to discover the hidden secrets of this world-renowned monument steeped in history. View of Trocadero from the 2nd floor The Eiffel Tower explained by Google Arts and Culture View of the Champ-de-Mars from the summit. They are accompanied by a brief description to learn more about what surrounds you! Tip: click on the icon at the bottom of your screen and easily identify the points of interest visible from the different floors of the Eiffel Tower. Scan the horizon to the right or left, activate night mode, and zoom in to see Notre-Dame cathedral, Place de la Concorde, the Hôtel des Invalides, and many other Parisian monuments.ĭon’t miss this comprehensive, high-definition experience that is sure to amaze you! You can choose "panorama" mode for views from the 2nd floor and the summit. Use the arrows on the edges of your screen to navigate from the esplanade to the summit in the Tower’s mobile guide. So even if you’re not at the Eiffel Tower, don’t wait to discover it! The guide let’s you admire Paris as if you were on the 2nd floor, or at the Tower’s summit. Our new mobile tour guide has the best panoramic views from the Eiffel Tower, both day and night. Panoramic views from the Eiffel Tower on the mobile tour guide See the Eiffel Tower as if you were there, and much more! TV5 Monde takes you beyond the summit and behind the scenes to discover an unrivaled view of the French capital. On the occasion of the Eiffel Tower’s 130th anniversary, TV5 Monde created a 360° virtual reality tour that reveals every aspect of the Tower in 3 minutes, featuring sunrise from the Champ-de-Mars and a panoramic ascent to the top, both inside and out. A full, virtual reality tour of the Eiffel Tower With a first-person perspective, panoramas, and an interactive historical journey, we have brought together the very best virtual tours of the Iron Lady to offer our readers an extraordinary immersive experience. Supplied in quality Amber Glass Bottle, Tamper Evident Lid & Dropper.Ethically Sourced and not tested on animals.If unsure, then we advise you to seek professional advice. This information is not based on facts and the benefits of the product may vary between individuals. The above information is provided in good faith and the given benefits of this essential oil are obtained from characteristics with which it is commonly associated. We are constantly improving our products and so, on occasion, the product you receive may differ slightly in appearance from images displayed on our website. Due to the nature of this product, there may be variances in colour and scent between batches. This natural product cannot be guaranteed free from traces of nuts or other allergens. Please perform a patch test before use.If you’re diffusing one of these oils in your home, no need to worry. So if you topically apply one of these essential oils to your skin, avoid sun and UV exposure for at least 12 hours. The risk of phototoxicity will remain for 12 hours. Furanocoumarins are commonly found in citrus essential oils, such as Grapefruit. There are also grapefruit essential oil benefits for hair. You can diffuse it in a diffuser or add a drop or two to jojoba or coconut oil, and rub it on the area needed. This results in the skin cells absorbing more UV photons than normal, which results in a more rapid tanning or burning skin reaction. This oil helps provide digestive support when it is needed. Phototoxity is where certain chemicals called furanocoumarins induce a skin reaction in the presence of strong sunlight. (Caution – Grapefruit may cause photosensitisation – we recommend avoiding sun exposure for 12 hours after topical use of this essential oil – see below for more information)īaths: mix 3-4 drops with a teaspoon (5ml) of Essential Oil Dispersant or Unscented Liquid Soap and add to your bath water.Īs Grapefruit is an expressed citrus oil it may cause phototoxicity. Massage: add 10-15 drops to 1 tablespoon (20ml) of your choice of carrier oil or unscented massage oil. Grapefruit is a bright fresh essential oil which lits the atmosphere in any spaceįor Adults only (Please seek professional advice for any other use)ĭiffusion: use 6-8 drops in water in your diffuser If products with a high concentration of Grapefruit are used on the skin, we recommend avoiding sun exposure thereafter for up to 12 hours. This means that it can make the skin more sensitive to the sun. Ideal to get you moving in the morning! Or use in a massage oil on the skin mixed with an appropriate carrier oil for its invigorating and detoxing properties.Īlthough generally regarded as safe, Grapefruit, like several other citrus oils, may cause phototoxicity. Grapefruit is a favourite in the diffuser to give any space a bright fresh character and make it feel clean and invigorated. Grapefruit’s astringent nature also makes it useful in preparations for oily or congested skin in a simiar way to Lemon. As with pretty much all of the citrus oils, its odor reminds one of a beautiful spring day Like other citrus oils, it’s also quite versatile with its fragrance blending well with many other oils (see blends well. A little added to blends with other essential oils mayhelp to lift the aroma and stop a blend being too “heavy”. The blissful aroma of pure grapefruit essential oil makes it one of the key ingredients in Aromatherapy applications. Fragrance-wise, grapefruit essential oil is easily one of the favorites around herbBee. Grapefruit may also benefit digestive complaints. Or inhale to revive during a mid-afternoon energy slump. Grapefruit’s uplifting nature makes it ideal to deal with stress or nervous exhaustion. Grapefruit has a pale yellow to greenish colour and a thin consistency. The tree is native to tropical areas of Asia as well as the West Indies. It is expressed from the peel of the fruit of a cultivated tree with glossy green leaves and large yellow fruit. Our Grapefruit Essential Oil has a bright fresh citrus aroma. Inspired by the swaying purple lavender fields of Tasmania, this iconic fragrance combines the herbaceous note of Australian lavender with balsamic cedarwood. Description Grapefruit Essential Oil ( Citrus paradisi) expressed peel oil What are the differences between Touchgrind BMX 2 and original?īiggest difference is that BMX 2 features 3D graphics, while the original was limited to 2D graphics.Controls are responsive, game runs works seamlessly on most devices. Controls in Touchgrind BMX 2 unblocked are easy to learn and use. Also features a number of different parks to ride in, each park has its own unique layout and challenges. Product made by Developer download Touchgrind BMX 2 game features a variety of unlockables that can be earned by completing challenges, and the player’s progress is saved so that they can pick up where they left off. It’s a game that can be played over as well as over again. Controls are easy to learn, easy to navigate. It’s also highly replayable, as you can keep playing it to improve your score. Also highly usable and functional, which makes it easy to keep playing. Replayability in Touchgrind BMX 2 is high. The multiplayer mode is well-designed and easy to use, game’s matchmaking system ensures that players are matched up against opponents of similar skill level. Players can compete against each other online in a variety of game modes, such as time trial, score attack, trick battle. The multiplayer mode in Touchgrind BMX 2 APK is competitive as well as fun. Multiplayer mode is well-designed and adds to the replayability of game. You can compete with other players online, and the game features leaderboards so you can see how you stack up against other players. The game Touchgrind BMX 2 for Mac is single player, but has a multiplayer mode - players can race against each other over the network. Features a variety of trick combinations that can be performed, and the player is scored based on the difficulty of tricks they perform. Player controls their rider by tilting their device left or right, must perform tricks by swiping their finger in different directions on screen. Gameplay in Touchgrind BMX 2 for free download is simple but challenging. Replayability is high as you can keep playing game to improve your score. Multiplayer mode lets you competing against other players online. You need to complete tricks to score points, challenges get harder as you progress. The game runs smoothly on most devices, visuals are pleasing to teye. Environment appears to be modeled after a real-life BMX park, character models are well-rendered and look lifelike. Graphics in Touchgrind BMX 2 download for PC are realistic as well as detailed. Environments are well-designed, bikes look realistic. Controls are easy to learn, highly usable and functional. Gameplay is simple yet challenging, multiplayer mode lets you compete with other players Touchgrind BMX 2 online for free. It’s developed and published by Illusion Labs, available for purchase on the App Store as well as Google Play Store. Game features realistic graphics that make you feel like you are actually riding a BMX bike. Touchgrind BMX 2 is a video game with which you will experience the thrill of riding a BMX bike and the thrill of. 'The Piracy Bureau') it has been run as a separate organisation since October 2004. The Pirate Bay was established in September 2003 by the Swedish anti-copyright organisation Piratbyrån ( lit. Founders Svartholm, Neij, and Sunde were all released by 2015 after serving shortened sentences. Subsequently, proxy websites have been providing access to it. In some countries, Internet service providers (ISPs) have been ordered to block access to the website. In April 2009, the website's founders ( Peter Sunde, Fredrik Neij, and Gottfrid Svartholm) were found guilty in the Pirate Bay trial in Sweden for assisting in copyright infringement and were sentenced to serve one year in prison and pay a fine. The website has faced several shutdowns and domain seizures, switching to a series of new web addresses to continue operating. The Pirate Bay has sparked controversies and discussion about legal aspects of file sharing, copyright, and civil liberties and has become a platform for political initiatives against established intellectual property laws as well as a central figure in an anti-copyright movement. Founded in 2003 by Swedish think tank Piratbyrån, The Pirate Bay allows visitors to search, download, and contribute magnet links and torrent files, which facilitate peer-to-peer, file sharing among users of the BitTorrent protocol. The Pirate Bay (sometimes abbreviated as TPB) is an online index of digital content of entertainment media and software.
Each 8ball response will need to be on a new line in the text file. The text file location will be different for you, however, we have provided an example. You will need to have Streamlabs read a text file with the command. With the command enabled viewers can ask a question and receive a response from the 8Ball. Response: $mychannel has been streaming for $uptimeĪn 8Ball command adds some fun and interaction to the stream.Uptime commands are also recommended for 24-hour streams and subathons to show the progress. It is useful for viewers that come into a stream mid-way. Uptime commands are common as a way to show how long the stream has been live. Response: Go check out $targetname and show them some love at $url – They were last streaming $game.We have included an optional line at the end to let viewers know what game the streamer was playing last. Typically shoutout commands are used as a way to thank somebody for raiding the stream. Shoutout commands allow moderators to link another streamer’s channel in the chat. Reponse: Thanks $username from continueing to support the stream! We look forward to seeing you chatting again shortly.If you are a larger streamer you may want to skip the lurk command to prevent spam in your chat. The added viewer is particularly important for smaller streamers and sharing your appreciation is always recommended. A lurk command can also let people know that they will be unresponsive in the chat for the time being. Having a lurk command is a great way to thank viewers who open the stream even if they aren’t chatting. Random Response: $username slapped $randusername with $readrandline( D:\Chatbot\slap.txt).Targeted Response: $username slapped $targetname with $readrandline( D:\Chatbot\slap.txt).Note: The italic text enclosed in the brackets will need to be replaced with the file location of your text document. Feel free to use our list as a starting point for your own. Each variable will need to be listed on a separate line. Variables are sourced from a text document stored on your PC and can be edited at any time. The slap command can be set up with a random variable that will input an item to be used for the slapping. Similar to a hug command, the slap command one viewer to slap another. Random Reponse: $username gave $randusername a big hug!.Targeted Response: $username gave $targetname a big hug!.Streamlabs chatbot will tag both users in the response. Hug CommandĪ hug command will allow a viewer to give a virtual hug to either a random viewer or a user of their choice. Commands have become a staple in the streaming community and are expected in streams. Streamlabs chatbot allows you to create custom commands to help improve chat engagement and provide information to viewers. |
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